Goal: To judge the efficacy of pattern pooling in comparison with the person evaluation for the prognosis of COVID-19, by utilizing totally different industrial platforms for nucleic acid extraction and amplification.

Strategies: 3519 nasopharyngeal samples obtained at 9 Spanish medical microbiology laboratories had been processed individually and in swimming pools (342 swimming pools of 10 samples and 11 swimming pools of 9 samples) in accordance with the prevailing methodology in every of the centres.

Outcomes: We discovered that 253 swimming pools (2519 samples) had been unfavorable, and 99 swimming pools (990 samples) had been constructive; with 241 constructive samples (6.85%), our pooling technique would have saved 2167 PCR checks. For 29 swimming pools (made out of 290 samples) we discovered discordant outcomes when in comparison with their correspondent particular person samples: in 22/29 swimming pools (28 samples), minor discordances had been discovered; for seven swimming pools (7 samples), we discovered main discordances. Sensitivity, specificity, constructive and unfavorable predictive values for pooling had been 97.10% (CI95%; 94.11-98.82), 100%, 100% and 99.79% (CI95%; 99.56-99.90) respectively; accuracy was 99.80% (CI95%; 99.59-99.92) and kappa concordant coefficient was 0.984. The dilution of samples in our pooling technique resulted right into a median lack of 2.87 (CI95%; 2.46-3.28) CTs for E gene, 3.36 (CI95%; 2.89-3.85) CTs for RdRP gene and a pair of.99 (CI95%; 2.56-3.43) CTs for N gene.

Conclusion: we present a excessive effectivity of pooling methods for SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing, throughout totally different RNA extraction and amplification platforms, with glorious efficiency by way of sensitivity, specificity, and constructive and unfavorable predictive values.

Carboplatin dose capping impacts pCR price in HER2-positive breast most cancers sufferers handled with neoadjuvant Docetaxel, Carboplatin, Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab (TCHP) 

Objective: Estimated glomerular filtration price (eGFR) is usually used to calculate carboplatin doses and capping the eGFR could also be used to scale back the danger of extreme dosing and toxicity. We sought to retrospectively study the affect of our carboplatin pointers on pathological full response charges (pCR) and toxicity in girls with HER2+ breast most cancers receiving neoadjuvant docetaxel, carboplatin, trastuzumab and pertuzumab (TCHP).

 

Strategies: The delivered space beneath the curve (dAUC) was calculated [(actual carboplatin dose at cycle 1 ÷ dose calculated with uncapped/unbanded eGFR) × 6] and dichotomized on the median worth. The affect of this and different medical elements on pCR price, dose depth (DI) and toxicity was assessed.

Outcomes: 124 eligible sufferers had been recognized of whom 63.7% (79/124) achieved pCR. The median dAUC at cycle 1 was 5.75 mg × ml/min. These with decrease dAUC had been extra ceaselessly youthful and obese/overweight. Sufferers with decrease dAUC had considerably inferior pCR charges of 54.8% (34/62) vs 72.6% (45/62), respectively (p = 0.040). Related outcomes had been seen within the ER+ subgroup; 45.2% (19/42) vs 68.3% (28/41), p = 0.037%, whereas no important distinction was seen amongst ER- sufferers; 75.0% (15/20) vs 81.0% (17/21), p = 0.72. DI and toxicity had been comparable between the 2 dAUC teams.

 

Conclusions: The general pCR price was excessive in sufferers with HER2+ breast most cancers receiving the TCHP routine; nonetheless, carboplatin dose capping resulted in inferior pCR charges, notably within the ER+ subgroup. To make sure optimum dosing, isotopic measurement of renal perform is warranted in sufferers who would in any other case have their eGFR and dose capped.

Diagnostic assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 are important for affected person administration, an infection prevention, and the general public well being response for COVID-19. The efficacy and reliability of those assays are of paramount significance in each monitoring and controlling unfold of the virus. Actual-time RT-PCR assays depend on a hard and fast genetic sequence for primers and probe binding. Mutations can doubtlessly alter the accuracy of those assays and result in unpredictable analytical efficiency traits and false-negative outcomes. Herein, we establish a G-to-U transversion (nucleotide 26372) within the SARS-CoV-2 E gene in three specimens with lowered viral detection effectivity utilizing a broadly out there industrial assay. Additional evaluation of the general public GISAID repository led to the identification of 18 further genomes with this mutation, which mirror 5 unbiased mutational occasions. This work helps using dual-target assays to scale back the variety of false-negative PCR outcomes.

Scientific sensitivity and interpretation of PCR and serological COVID-19 diagnostics for sufferers presenting to the hospital

 The prognosis of COVID-19 requires integration of medical and laboratory knowledge. Extreme acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostic assays play a central function in prognosis and have mounted technical efficiency metrics. Interpretation turns into difficult as a result of the medical sensitivity adjustments because the virus clears and the immune response emerges.

Our aim was to look at the medical sensitivity of two commonest SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic check modalities, polymerase chain response (PCR) and serology, over the illness course to offer perception into their medical interpretation in sufferers presenting to the hospital. We performed a single-center, retrospective research. To derive medical sensitivity of PCR, we recognized 209 PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 sufferers with a number of PCR check outcomes (624 complete PCR checks) and calculated day by day sensitivity from date of symptom onset or first constructive check.

Scientific sensitivity of PCR decreased with days put up symptom onset with >90% medical sensitivity through the first 5 days after symptom onset, 70%-71% from Days 9 to 11, and 30% at Day 21. To calculate day by day medical sensitivity by serology, we utilized 157 PCR-positive sufferers with a complete of 197 specimens examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgM, IgG, and IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

In distinction to PCR, serological sensitivity elevated with days put up symptom onset with >50% of sufferers seropositive by at the very least one antibody isotype after Day 7, >80% after Day 12, and 100% by Day 21. Taken collectively, PCR and serology are complimentary modalities that require time-dependent interpretation. Superimposition of sensitivities over time point out that serology can perform as a dependable diagnostic assist indicating current or prior an infection.

Technological advances in uncommon DNA mutations detection have revolutionized the prognosis and monitoring of tumors, however they’re nonetheless restricted by the shortage of supersensitive and high-coverage procedures for figuring out low-abundance mutations. Right here, we describe a single-tube, multiplex PCR-based system, A-Star, that entails a hyperthermophilic Argonaute from Pyrococcus furiosus (PfAgo) for extremely environment friendly detection of uncommon mutations useful from its compatibility with DNA polymerase. This novel method makes use of a selected information design technique to permit PfAgo selective cleavage with single-nucleotide decision at 94°C, thus principally eliminating wild-type DNA within the denaturation step and effectively amplifying uncommon mutant DNA through the PCR course of.

The built-in single-tube system achieved nice effectivity for enriching uncommon mutations in contrast with a divided system separating the cleavage and amplification. Thus, A-Star allows simple detection and quantification of 0.01% uncommon mutations with ≥5500-fold improve in effectivity. The feasibility of A-Star was additionally demonstrated for detecting oncogenic mutations in strong tumor tissues and blood samples. Remarkably, A-Star achieved simultaneous detection of a number of oncogenes by a easy single-tube response by orthogonal guide-directed particular cleavage. This research demonstrates a supersensitive and fast nucleic acid detection system with promising potential for each analysis and therapeutic purposes.

Evo? cDNA Supermix
M1168-25	Biovision	each	EUR 320.4

Novo? cDNA Supermix
M1169-100	Biovision	each	EUR 529.2

Novo? cDNA Supermix
M1169-25	Biovision	each	EUR 346.8

cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Arabidopsis
C1634310	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 745.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Corn
C1634330	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 745.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Orange
C1634340	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 745.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Potato
C1634350	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 745.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Rice
C1634360	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 745.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Wheat
C1634390	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 745.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

First-Strand cDNA Synthesis SuperMix (cDNA up to 12 kb)
20-abx09801620ulSystems	Abbexa	EUR 744.00 EUR 627.60	100 rxns × 20 ul Systems 50 rxns × 20 ul Systems

First-Strand cDNA Synthesis SuperMix (cDNA up to 15 kb)
20-abx09802120ulSystems	Abbexa	EUR 1045.20 EUR 794.40	100 rxns × 20 ul Systems 50 rxns × 20 ul Systems

cDNA from Plant Normal Tissue: cDNA from Plant: Soy bean
C1634370	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 745.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

Tetro cDNA Synthesis Kit
BIO-65042	Bioline	30 Reactions	Ask for price

Tetro cDNA Synthesis Kit
BIO-65043	Bioline	100 Reactions	Ask for price

SensiFAST cDNA Synthesis Kit
BIO-65053	Bioline	50 Reactions	Ask for price

SensiFAST cDNA Synthesis Kit
BIO-65053/S	Bioline	Sample	Ask for price

SensiFAST cDNA Synthesis Kit
BIO-65054	Bioline	250 Reactions	Ask for price

cDNA Probe Diluent Solution
AR0063	BosterBio	5mL	EUR 127.2

cDNA from Arteriosclerosis: Aorta
C1236012Hd-4	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 973.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from hypertension: Artery
C1236013Hd-2	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Arteriosclerosis: Artery
C1236013Hd-4	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 973.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from hypertension: Vein
C1236020Hd-2	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Lupus: Colon
C1236090Lup	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from hypertension: Heart
C1236122Hd-2	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Lupus: Heart
C1236122Lup	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from hypertension: Kidney
C1236142Hd-2	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Lupus: Kidney
C1236142Lup	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Lupus: Liver
C1236149Lup	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Asthma: Lung
C1236152Ld-1	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 973.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Bronchitis: Lung
C1236152Ld-2	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 973.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Emphysema: Lung
C1236152Ld-3	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 973.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Pneumonia: Lung
C1236152Ld-4	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 973.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Lupus: Lung
C1236152Lup	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Lupus: Pancreas
C1236188Lup	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Lupus: Spleen
C1236246Lup	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Lupus: stomach
C1236248Lup	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

Human eNOS cDNA probe
eNOS51-D-2	Alpha Diagnostics	2 ug	EUR 534

OneScriptPlus cDNA Synthesis Kit
G235	ABM	25 x 20 ul reactions	EUR 116.4

OneScriptPlus cDNA Synthesis Kit
G236	ABM	100 x 20 ul reactions	EUR 202.8

OneScriptPlus cDNA Synthesis SuperMix
G453	ABM	25 x 20 ul reactions	EUR 116.4

OneScriptPlus cDNA Synthesis SuperMix
G454	ABM	100 x 20 ul reactions	EUR 202.8

circRNA cDNA Synthesis Kit
G627	ABM	25 rxn (20 ul/rxn)	EUR 370.8

Plant Tissue cDNA: Arabidopsis
PC34-310	Alpha Diagnostics	10 rxn	EUR 498

Evo™ cDNA Kit
M1164-100	Biovision	each	Ask for price

Evo™ cDNA Kit
M1164-25	Biovision	each	Ask for price

Novo? Transcriptome cDNA Kit
M1167-100	Biovision	each	EUR 1142.4

Novo? Transcriptome cDNA Kit
M1167-25	Biovision	each	EUR 529.2

EVery cDNA Synthesis Kit
EVery200B-1	SBI	20 preps	EUR 307

Mouse Anti-B. pertussis Fimbrae 2/3 (Fim2/3) IgG ELISA kit, 96 tests, Quantitative
960-360-FIG	Alpha Diagnostics	1 Kit	EUR 1000.8

Human Anti-B. pertussis Fimbrae 2/3 (Fim2/3) IgG ELISA kit, 96 tests, Quantitative
960-370-FIG	Alpha Diagnostics	1 Kit	EUR 1000.8

Rat Anti-B. pertussis Fimbrae 2/3 (Fim2/3) IgG ELISA kit, 96 tests, Quantitative
960-380-FIG	Alpha Diagnostics	1 Kit	EUR 1000.8

Rabbit Anti-B. pertussis Fimbrae 2/3 (Fim2/3) IgG ELISA kit, 96 tests, Quantitative
960-390-FIG	Alpha Diagnostics	1 Kit	EUR 1000.8

cDNA Synthesis SuperMix for qPCR
20-abx09801920ulSystems	Abbexa	EUR 828.00 EUR 678.00	100 rxns ×20 ul Systems 50 rxns × 20 ul Systems

cDNA from Alzheimer's Disease: Brain
C1236035Alz	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Brain
C1236035Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Parkinson's Disease: Brain
C1236035Par	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Dementia: Brain: Hippocampus
C1236052Dem	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 961.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Depression: Brain: Hippocampus
C1236052Dep	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 961.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Colon
C1236090Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Esophagus
C1236106Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Heart
C1236122Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from hypertension: Interventricular Septum
C1236130Hd-2	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Kidney
C1236142Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Liver
C1236149Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Lung
C1236152Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Pulmonary Embolism: Lung
C1236152Ld-5	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 973.2
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Diaphragm
C1236169Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Pancreas
C1236188Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Skin
C1236218Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Lupus: Small Intestine
C1236226Lup	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Lupus: Spinal Cord
C1236234Lup	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

cDNA from Liver Cirrhosis: Spleen
C1236246Lcs	Biochain	40 reactions	EUR 801.6
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.

Monkey (Rhesus) cDNA Tissue: Thyroid
MR34-265	Alpha Diagnostics	10 rxn	EUR 498

Human Adult cDNA Tissue: Lung
HA-152	Alpha Diagnostics	10 rxn	EUR 498

Human Adult cDNA Tissue: Skin
HA-218	Alpha Diagnostics	10 rxn	EUR 498

Human Adult cDNA Tissue: Testis
HA-260	Alpha Diagnostics	10 rxn	EUR 498

Human Tumor Tissue: Breast cDNA
HT05-090	Alpha Diagnostics	10 rxn	EUR 498

Total-Transcriptome cDNA Synthesis Kit
G904	ABM	25 reactions	EUR 268.8

Total-Transcriptome cDNA Synthesis Kit
G905	ABM	100 reactions	EUR 652.8

Mouse iNOS (macrophage) cDNA probe
iNOS61-D-2	Alpha Diagnostics	2 ug	EUR 534

Accuris qMax cDNA Synthesis Kit
PR2100-C-100	Benchmark Scientific	1 PC	EUR 405.3

Accuris qMax cDNA Synthesis Kit
PR2100-C-25	Benchmark Scientific	1 PC	EUR 170.83

Accuris qMax cDNA Synthesis Kit
PR2100-C-250	Benchmark Scientific	1 PC	EUR 854.12

Accuris qMax cDNA Synthesis Kit
PR2100-C-S	Benchmark Scientific	1 PC	EUR 93.31

amfiRivert cDNA Synthesis Master Mix
R5101-050	GenDepot	50 rxns	EUR 498

amfiRivert cDNA Synthesis Master Mix
R5101-100	GenDepot	2X50 rxns	EUR 1016.4

amfiRivert cDNA Synthesis Master Mix
R5101-200	GenDepot	4X50 rxns	EUR 1453.2

amfiRivet cDNA Synthesis 2X Buffer
R5102-050	GenDepot	500ul	EUR 160.8

amfiRivet cDNA Synthesis 2X Buffer
R5102-100	GenDepot	2x500ul	EUR 230.4

Evo? cDNA Kit (gDNA Removal)
M1166-100	Biovision	each	EUR 457.2

pCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1-Puro cDNA Vector cDNA Clon/Exp Vector [pre-packaged virus]
CD510VB-1	SBI	>1 x 10^6 IFUs	EUR 943.2

miRNA First-Strand cDNA Synthesis SuperMix
abx098020-20rxns20ulSystems	Abbexa	20 rxns × 20 ul Systems	EUR 878.4

Fly First-Strand cDNA Synthesis SuperMix
20-abx09885820ulSystems	Abbexa	EUR 861.60 EUR 693.60	100 rxns × 20 ul Systems 50 rxns × 20 ul Systems

All-in-One cDNA Synthesis SuperMix
B24403	Bimake	200 ractions	EUR 547.2
Description: All-in-One cDNA Synthesis SuperMix contains all the necessary components pre-blended in one tube for reverse transcription.

All-in-One cDNA Synthesis SuperMix
B24408	Bimake	1000 ractions	EUR 1743.6
Description: All-in-One cDNA Synthesis SuperMix contains all the necessary components pre-blended in one tube for reverse transcription.

AzuraQuant cDNA Synthesis Kit - 25 Reactions
AZ-1995	Real Time Primers	25 Reactions	EUR 183.6

AzuraQuant cDNA Synthesis Kit - 100 Reactions
AZ-1996	Real Time Primers	100 Reactions	EUR 446.4

cDNA from Human Tumor Tissue: Adrenal
C1235004-10	Biochain	10 reactions	EUR 338.4
Description: Can be used for various studies in the realm of gene expression, both normal and pathological. It is an excellent control and suitable for educational purposes.